ODN is an integral part of the PON system. It provides an optical transmission medium for the physical connection between ONU and OLT. The reach range is 20 kilometers or more. In ODN telecom, fiber optic cables, fiber optic connectors, passive optical splitters and auxiliary components cooperate with each other. In addition, ODN is an indispensable path for PON data transmission, and its quality directly affects the performance, reliability and scalability of the PON system.
ODN specifically has five parts, namely feeder fiber, optical distribution point, distribution fiber, optical access point, and incoming fiber. The feeder fiber starts from the optical distribution frame (ODF) in the central office (CO) telecommunications room and ends at the optical distribution point for long-distance coverage. The distribution fiber from the optical distribution point to the optical access point distributes the optical fiber to the area next to it. The introduction of optical fiber connects the optical access point to the terminal (ONT), so that the optical fiber can enter the user's home.
Deployment analysis is crucial in determining the placement or positioning strategy of OLT and ONU deployment in ODN optical distribution network design, because it will affect the future enhancement of the network and the realization of the complete concept of FTTH. In order to support high-rise buildings with multi-units, OLT equipment that specializes in providing services to the building can be placed. The ONU deployment is divided according to the implementation strategies of FTTH, FTTC, FTTB, FTTO, and FTTCab.